Tech
Countdown to mission hunting alien life on a distant moon
In a few hours, a spacecraft should blast-off from Florida on the hunt for signs of alien life.
Its destination is Europa, a deeply-mysterious moon orbiting the distant planet Jupiter.
Trapped under its icy surface could be a vast ocean with double the amount of water on Earth.
The Europa Clipper spacecraft will chase a European mission that left last year, but using a cosmic piggyback, it will overtake and arrive first.
That won’t be until 2030 but what it finds could change what we know about life in our solar system.
A moon five times brighter than ours
Years in the making, the Europa Clipper launch was delayed at the last minute after hurricane Milton blasted Florida this week.
The spacecraft was rushed indoors for shelter, but after checking the launchpad at Cape Canaveral for damage, engineers have now given the go-ahead for lift-off at 1206 local time (1706 BST) on 14 October.
“If we discover life so far away from the Sun, it would imply a separate origin of life to the earth,” says Mark Fox-Powell, a planetary microbiologist at the Open University.
“That is hugely significant, because if that happens twice in our solar system, it could mean life is really common,” he says.
Located 628m km from Earth, Europa is just a bit bigger than our moon, but that is where the similarity ends.
If it was in our skies, it would shine five times brighter because the water ice would reflect much more sunlight.
Its icy crust is up to 25km thick, and sloshing beneath, there could be a vast saltwater ocean. There may also be chemicals that are the ingredients for simple life.
The spacecraft is just longer than a professional basketball court and weighs around the same as an African elephant
© BBC
Scientists first realised Europa might support life in the 1970s when, peering through a telescope in Arizona, they saw water ice.
Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts captured the first close-up images, and then in 1995 Nasa’s Galileo spacecraft flew past Europa taking some deeply puzzling pictures. They showed a surface riddled with dark, reddish-brown cracks; fractures that may contain salts and sulfur compounds that could support life.
The James Webb telescope has since taken pictures of what might be plumes of water ejected 100 miles (160 kilometers) above the moon’s surface
But none of those missions got close enough to Europa for long enough to really understand it.
Flying through plumes of water
Now scientists hope that instruments on Nasa’s Clipper spacecraft will map almost the entire moon, as well as collect dust particles and fly through the water plumes.
Britney Schmidt, associate professor of earth and atmospheric sciences at Cornell university in the US, helped to design a laser onboard that will see through the ice.
The strange surface of Europa – captured by Galileo spacecraft in the 1990s
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/SETI Institute
“I’m most excited about understanding Europa’s plumbing. Where’s the water? Europa has the ice version of Earth’s subduction zones, magma chambers and tectonics – we’re going to try to see into those regions and map them,” she says.
Her instrument, which is called Reason, was tested in Antarctica.
But unlike on Earth, all the instruments on Clipper will be exposed to huge amounts of radiation which Prof Schmidt says is a “major concern.”
The spacecraft should fly past Europa about 50 times, and each time, it will be blasted with radiation equivalent to one million X-rays.
“Much of the electronics are in a vault that’s heavily shielded to keep out radiation,” Prof Schmidt explains.
The spaceship is the largest ever built to visit a planet and has a long journey ahead. Travelling 1.8 billion miles, it will orbit both the Earth and Mars to propel itself further towards Jupiter in what is called the sling-shot effect.
Europa Clipper will travel for five and a half years to reach Jupiter
© BBC
It cannot carry enough fuel to motor itself all the way alone, so it will piggyback off the momentum of Earth and Mars’s gravitational pull.
It will overtake JUICE, the European Space Agency’s spaceship that will also visit Europa on its way to another of Jupiter’s moons called Ganeymede.
Once Clipper approaches Europa in 2030 it will switch on its engines again to carefully manoeuvre itself into the right orbit.
The left image shows the natural appearance of Europa, and the right image uses colour to highlight the water-ice crust
© NASA/JPL/DLR
Space scientists are very cautious when talking about the chances of discovering life- there is no expectation that they will find human-like creatures or animals
“We are searching for the potential for habitability and you need four things – liquid water, a heat source, and organic material. Finally those three ingredients need to be stable over a long enough period of time that something can happen,” explains Michelle Dougherty, professor of space physics at Imperial College in London.
And they hope that if they can understand the ice surface better, they will know where to land a craft on a future mission.
An international team of scientists with Nasa, the Jet Propulsion Lab and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab will oversee the odyssey.
At a time when there is a space launch virtually every week, this mission promises something different, suggests Professor Fox-Powell.
“There’s no profit being made. This is about exploration and curiosity, and pushing back the boundaries of our knowledge of our place in the universe,” he says.
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It was a record start to the year for electrified vehicles, mainly led by the Mustang Mach-E. But that could get pricier soon.
- Ford sold 73,623 electrified models in the U.S. in the first quarter, a 26% year-over-year growth.
- It was a record start to the year for hybrids, up 33% while Ford’s EVs were up 12%, mainly led by the Mustang Mach-E.
- Deliveries of the 2025 Mustang Mach-E, with improved range and more features, is imminent. But it could cost substantially more with President Trump’s 25% tariffs.
Ford sold more than half a million vehicles in the U.S. across powertrain types in the first quarter of this year.
While its overall sales sank marginally, electrified vehicles grew 26% year-over-year. Hybrids, plug-in hybrids and fully electric models now together account for 15% of Ford’s overall sales, a 3% jump over last year.
The Dearborn automaker sold 501,291 units in the first quarter, a 1.3% year-over-year drop. Gas-powered vehicles accounted for 427,668 units (85%) of the total sales, whereas fully electric models made up 22,550 units (4.4%) and hybrids totaled 51,073 units (10.1%).
2025 Mustang Mach-E Rally_04
The Mustang Mach-E outsold the gas-powered Mustang again and every single Lincoln model on sale. Ford sold 11,607 Mach-Es, a 21% increase year-over-year. By comparison, buyers drove home only 9,377 combustion-engined Mustangs, a sharp 31.6% drop.
Sales of the E-Transit electric van increased nearly 30% to 3,756 units. However, the F-150 Lightningdid not perform as well, even though the overall F-Series trucks grew by 24.5%. Only 7,187 Lightnings found homes so far this year, a 7.1% drop.
By comparison, sales of the Chevy Silverado EVgrew 125% to 2,383 units. General Motors also just launched cheaper versions of the 2026 Sierra EV, which has the potential to put the automaker at the forefront of the electric truck race in the coming months.
However, Ford’s momentum with its electrified models risks stalling as President Trump’s 25% tariffs on imported cars and auto parts went into effect on Wednesday. While most Ford cars are assembled in the U.S., all of them get over half of their parts content from overseas—mostly Mexico—according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
2025 Ford F-150 Lightning with the
A whopping 78% of the Mustang Mach-E’s parts are sourced from Mexico and the crossover is also assembled there. Even the hugely popular Bronco Sport and the Maverick are assembled across America’s southern border.
Unless the president provides American automakers with some tariff relief or trade concessions, their momentum risks getting wiped out, at least in the short term.
Have a tip? Contact the author: suvrat.kothari@insideevs.com
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